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What is wayfinding?

Traditional Polynesian navigation – also called wayfinding – means finding your way without any of the tools modern navigators 30 ______ for granted. You use no GPS, no compass, no radio or satellite reports to help you navigate. Besides your brain, the only “tool” you might 31 ______ on in traditional navigation is an outstretched hand, which helps for measuring angles in the sky. Instead, your clues about position, direction, and distance come from the stars, sun, and moon, from clouds, and even from wildlife. Navigators must pay close 32 ______ to characteristic patterns of winds, currents, and weather.

Hawaiians in the voyaging community joke that the best way to spot the navigator on a voyaging canoe is to 33 ______ for the person with red eyes. Navigators get little sleep while voyaging because traditional navigation 34 ______ non-stop analysis of the natural world. Reading these clues involves all the senses, coupled with deep knowledge of sea and sky.

However, traditional navigation without computers and satellite can be more precise. For instance, in 1985 when master navigator 35 ______ that the ship was within a few miles of land, nobody believed him because their satellite navigation system reported no land for over a hundred miles. Yet the island 36 ______ by the traditional method appeared shortly after, as promised – a triumph of no-tech over high-tech.